1. 设计模式
  2. 行为型模式
  3. 迭代器模式

迭代器模式

目的

使一个对象可迭代，并使它看起来像一个对象的集合。

使用场景

  • 使用迭代器对一个文件的所有行（被迭代对象）进行逐行处理

说明

PHP 标准库 SPL 提供的 Iterator 接口是处理这类场景的最优方式。通常，类也会同时实现 Countable 接口，以允许在迭代对象上调用 count($object) 方法。

UML 类图

迭代器模式类图

代码

Book.php

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<?php declare(strict_types = 1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Iterator;

class Book
{
    private string $author;
    private string $title;

    public function __construct(string $title, string $author)
    {
        $this->author = $author;
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    public function getAuthor(): string
    {
        return $this->author;
    }

    public function getTitle(): string
    {
        return $this->title;
    }

    public function getAuthorAndTitle(): string
    {
        return $this->getTitle().' by '.$this->getAuthor();
    }
}

BookList.php

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<?php declare(strict_types = 1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Iterator;

use Countable;
use Iterator;

class BookList implements Countable, Iterator
{
    /**
     * @var Book[]
     */
    private array $books = [];
    private int $currentIndex = 0;

    public function addBook(Book $book)
    {
        $this->books[] = $book;
    }

    public function removeBook(Book $bookToRemove)
    {
        foreach ($this->books as $key => $book) {
            if ($book->getAuthorAndTitle() === $bookToRemove->getAuthorAndTitle()) {
                unset($this->books[$key]);
            }
        }

        $this->books = array_values($this->books);
    }

    public function count(): int
    {
        return count($this->books);
    }

    public function current(): Book
    {
        return $this->books[$this->currentIndex];
    }

    public function key(): int
    {
        return $this->currentIndex;
    }

    public function next()
    {
        $this->currentIndex++;
    }

    public function rewind()
    {
        $this->currentIndex = 0;
    }

    public function valid(): bool
    {
        return isset($this->books[$this->currentIndex]);
    }
}

测试

Tests/IteratorTest.php

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<?php declare(strict_types = 1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Iterator\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Iterator\Book;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Iterator\BookList;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class IteratorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testCanIterateOverBookList()
    {
        $bookList = new BookList();
        $bookList->addBook(new Book('Learning PHP Design Patterns', 'William Sanders'));
        $bookList->addBook(new Book('Professional Php Design Patterns', 'Aaron Saray'));
        $bookList->addBook(new Book('Clean Code', 'Robert C. Martin'));

        $books = [];

        foreach ($bookList as $book) {
            $books[] = $book->getAuthorAndTitle();
        }

        $this->assertSame(
            [
                'Learning PHP Design Patterns by William Sanders',
                'Professional Php Design Patterns by Aaron Saray',
                'Clean Code by Robert C. Martin',
            ],
            $books
        );
    }

    public function testCanIterateOverBookListAfterRemovingBook()
    {
        $book = new Book('Clean Code', 'Robert C. Martin');
        $book2 = new Book('Professional Php Design Patterns', 'Aaron Saray');

        $bookList = new BookList();
        $bookList->addBook($book);
        $bookList->addBook($book2);
        $bookList->removeBook($book);

        $books = [];
        foreach ($bookList as $book) {
            $books[] = $book->getAuthorAndTitle();
        }

        $this->assertSame(
            ['Professional Php Design Patterns by Aaron Saray'],
            $books
        );
    }

    public function testCanAddBookToList()
    {
        $book = new Book('Clean Code', 'Robert C. Martin');

        $bookList = new BookList();
        $bookList->addBook($book);

        $this->assertCount(1, $bookList);
    }

    public function testCanRemoveBookFromList()
    {
        $book = new Book('Clean Code', 'Robert C. Martin');

        $bookList = new BookList();
        $bookList->addBook($book);
        $bookList->removeBook($book);

        $this->assertCount(0, $bookList);
    }
}
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